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F U T U R E T E N S E S : F O R M S A N D I N D I C A T I O N S (= USES OF THE VARIOUS FORMS)
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PRESENT SIMPLE: |
PRESENT CONT. (be+ -ing): |
BE GOING TO: |
WILL: |
WILL BE DOING: |
INDICATIONS / USES: |
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- The train leaves at 9 a.m. - At 11.30 we arrive / at 12:00 we have lunch / at 1:30 pm we depart again / at .. etc. (e.g. programme for a special family day) |
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- TIMETABLE FUTURE |
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- I'm seeing Tom tonight (We have a date.) - She is taking the exam in October. (enroled!) - I am seeing the dentist tomorrow about my back tooth problem. - We are flying to London tomorrow. |
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- I will be seeing Tom tonight - She will be taking the exam in October. (has enroled!) - I will be seeing the dentist tomorrow about my back tooth problem. - We will be flying to London tomorrow. |
- DEFINITE ARRANGEMENTS, FIX PLANS: TWO PARTIES ARE INVOLVED : <----> - DATES (private), APPOINTMENTS (official) - TICKETS ARE BOOKED |
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- What are you doing now? / Are you eating any more of this? |
- What are you going to do now? Are you going to eat any more of this? - (Car broken down: ) What are we going to do now? |
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IMPENDING FUTURE: STATEMENTS OR QUESTIONS ABOUT ACTIONS THAT ARE TAKING PLACE IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING. |
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- She is going to fail, look at her! - It's going to rain tomorrow, I can feel it in my toes. - I'm going to be in trouble again. - Trump is going to speak on the telly tonight. (informal!) |
- The President Elect, Mr Donald Trump will speak on television tonight. (formal!) |
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PREDICTION FOR IMMEDIATE FUTURE, BASED ON EVIDENCE IN THE PRESENT. (You can see it coming, feel it or hear it. It is "in the air".) ANNOUNCEMENTS, PREDICTIONS: - INFORMAL SPEAKING vs. FORMAL SPEAKING |
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- I'm writing some letters tonight. - I'm going to my parents' (place) tonight. - They are coming tonight, don't worry. ▼ ▼ ▼ |
- I'm going to see Tom tonight. [Tom doesn't necessarily know] - I'm going to write some letters tonight. - I'm going to go to my parents' (place) tonight. - They are going to come, don't worry. ▼ ▼ ▼ |
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PLANS, INTENTIONS FOR NEAR FUTURE: PREMEDITATED (speaker has thought about it, WANTS to do that action) BUT ARRANGEMENTS HAVE NOT NECESSARILY BEEN MADE YET. |
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With the verbs "go" and "come" the "BE GOING TO" form is mostly replaced by the "PRESENT CONTINUOUS" form (style!): ---> plan OR arrangement only clear by context! |
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- I'll write to you, as soon as I can. - He'll buy a house when he gets married. - I'm sure he'll be back soon. - She'll (probably) be out driving around in her new car somewhere. |
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- PLANS, INTENTIONS FOR MORE REMOTE FUTURE (NOT REALLY CERTAIN) - SPECULATIONS, OPINIONS, ASSUMPTIONS ["wird wohl..."] (often with "probably, perhaps, maybe, I think, I guess, etc.") |
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- I'll see Tom tonight. (He happens to be in the same evening class as I am.) - You'll have 17 children and you'll be very happy, indeed, in your adult life. |
- You'll be walking around like a tomato soon, if you stay exposed to the sun like that. |
PREDICTIONS BASED ON OPINION AND FACTS IN THE FUTURE THAT YOU CANNOT INFLUENCE (outer circumstances, destiny, in the stars) - FORTUNE TELLING |
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Mary-Lou, you are my companion in life and my one true love. I will treasure our friendship and love you today, tomorrow, and forever. I will trust and honor you. I will laugh and cry with you. With unfailing love I will stand by you, through the best and the worst, through the difficult and the easy. As I have given you my hand to hold, so I give you my life to keep, so help me God. |
I will be holding your hand and support you whenever you need me. (a bit less formal, but still a promise) |
- PROMISE |
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– I'm not going to do it! – Yes, you are! – No, I'm not! No way! – I'm not going to speak to this person ever again! |
– I simply won't do it! – Yes, you will! – No, I won't! No way! – I won't speak to this person ever again! |
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- INSISTING ON DOING STH.: IN A ROW / VERBAL FIGHT - REFUSAL |
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- (phone ringing:) Just stay, I'll take it. - Tonight? Well, ok, I'll go dancing. |
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- DECISION ON THE SPOT |
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- What are you having? Well, I'm starting with a soup, and then I'm having a shepherd's pie. |
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- What would you like? Well, I'll have a beer. |
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- ORDERING AT THE RESTAURANT |
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- Will you open the door for me, please. |
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- REQUEST |
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- What will you be doing tomorrow at the same time? – Well, tomorrow around 2 o'clock p.m. I'll be lying on the beach in Spain, and I'll be having a great time. |
- ACTIONS AROUND A CERTAIN POINT OF TIME IN THE FUTURE: YOU IMAGINE / "CAN SEE" / THE ACTION UNFOLDING IN THE FUTURE SO TO SPEAK. |
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NO FUTURE FOR WRONG FUTURE TENSES AFTER THIS !
TRY TO GET THE FEELING FOR:
BE + –ING, BE GOING TO, WILL, WILL BE DOING
Y O U C A N D O I T !
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